(The History of the German Culture in Czarnikau and Vicinity)
The excerpts focus on the settlement of Germans in the area of Czarnikau, founding of villages and the Protestant churches, primarily from the late 1600's to the early 1800's. View these excerpts.
(Czarnikau Homeland Information)
The excerpts contain various material from this detailed gazeteer. Discussion includes: location and boundaries of Kreis Czarnikau, topography, rivers and lakes, administration districts, several tables with extensive statistical analysis of the inhabitants and its organization, a summary of the nobility and their history. View these excerpts.
(The Germans in Posen and Middle Poland)
The excerpts focus on the general terms and conditions of settlement of German farmers in Polish lands. Included are discussions of the different types of settlements (Schulzendorf and Holla"nd, as well as Strassdorf, Angerdorf, Marschhufendorf and Waldhufendorf). View these excerpts.
Two short excerpts focus on the colonization of Germans in Polish lands. View these excerpts.